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Sample problem · FE, Pipe flow, Darcy-Weisbach

A 12 in. diameter pipe that is 2,050 ft long carries 1,650 gpm of water. The Darcy friction factor for the pipe is 0.033. The head loss due to friction in the pipe is most nearly:

  • A 23.0 ft
  • B 75.6 ft
  • C 46.1 ft
  • D 4.92 ft

Handbook: Fluid Mechanics, Head Loss Due to Flow (Darcy-Weisbach equation), FE Reference Handbook 10.6

Show the worked solution
Answer
A (23.0 ft)
Given
Q = 1,650 gpm, D = 12 in., L = 2,050 ft, f = 0.033, g = 32.174 ft/sec² (handbook), 7.481 gal/ft³ (handbook)
Find
head loss due to friction, hf (ft)
Handbook
Fluid Mechanics, Head Loss Due to Flow (Darcy-Weisbach equation); Units and Conversion Factors (7.481 gal per ft³), pages 3 and 187
Equation
hf = f(L/D)V²/(2g), with V = Q/A and A = πD²/4
Substitute
  1. Q = (1,650 gal/min)/(7.481 gal/ft³ × 60 sec/min) = 3.676 ft³/sec
  2. D = 12 in./(12 in./ft) = 1.000 ft
  3. A = πD²/4 = π(1.000 ft)²/4 = 0.7854 ft²
  4. V = Q/A = (3.676 ft³/sec)/(0.7854 ft²) = 4.680 ft/sec
  5. hf = f(L/D)V²/(2g) = 0.033 × (2,050 ft/1.000 ft) × (4.680 ft/sec)²/(2 × 32.174 ft/sec²) = 23.0 ft
Result
23.0 ft, 3 significant figures
Check
units (ft/ft)(ft/sec)²/(ft/sec²) = ft; V = 4.68 ft/sec is an ordinary velocity for water in a pipe, and the loss is 1.12 ft per 100 ft of pipe.
Why the others are wrong
  • B: used g = 9.807 m/s² in a USCS problem
  • C: used the radius instead of the diameter in L/D, which doubles the loss
  • D: did not square the velocity

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Written by Dr. Mohamed Elansary, PhD Environmental Engineering. Every number on this site comes from NCEES, a state licensing board, or a published price page, with the source and date on the page, or from the problem engine.